2025 findings

Some highlights

2025 findings

In A1, we  commenced clearance of the final quadrant of the building on the SE: as previously the upper layers to a depth of more than 1m here are solid rubble with no other archaeological material, completely sealing the remains of abandoned and cleared floors. in 2026 we will reach and excavate the floor area here, likely to be of high interest since this is the area of the small inner room of the building most likely to have been used to store objects. In the main room to the north, we finally located the hearth, in a typical roughly central location. Smaller than might be expected for such a massive, likely special-use building (diameter is just under 1m), it resembles other hearths at the site in its clay construction c 30mm thick. Associated foodstuffs recovered from archaeobotanical analysis include lentils, grass pea, grape, wheat and barley.

Excavation of the MG1 complex was largely completed this year, revealing it to be composed three buildings of very similar plan, with porches or antechambers of some kind on the east, parts of which have been lost to slope erosion and terracing. We cleared the whole interior of the main eastern room of the northernmost building, showing it to have been considerably smaller than the hall-type main rooms of the buildings to its S. Like the main room of the central building, this contained a cluster of spool loomweights potentially suggesting more than one loom within the complex, Less heavily burnt than most parts of the other buildings, this room also contained a less dense concentration of pottery and no wooden members which might represent furnishings or equipment like the loom previously found in the central building. 

Elsewhere we spent a long time working our way through the massive rubbish dump of pottery and bone somewhat surprisingly accumulated in the porch area of the richly equipped south building, overflowing a small platform or retaining wall/feature originally sited within the porch. to the S of the S building where pottery of the 9th-8th centuries BC and a human femur were previously found a new trench was opened to clarify the building's southern wall and the post-abandonment history of this vicinity.      typing. Explicabo nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit sed.

We opened a new area, MG, on the very southernmost summit of the  Megali Koprana mountain where a number of walls at right angles to each other are visible on the surface. Exactly as we might have predicted on the basis of past findings, the first thing we noticed after clearing topsil and upper wall collapse was the evidence of extensive burnt destruction throughout four adjacent rooms of a structure or structures with walls preserved 1-2 courses high. Burnt mud packing/facing, storage, cooking and fine pottery smashed in situ, frequent charcoal fragments stone tools and shell jewellery were found in these deposits: we will explore the buildings in this zone (MG2) much more extensively in 2026.

In Area B1, we now have much greater insight on the extent of MM remains under the LM IIIC houses: we have now uncovered parts of at least three of the latter, all with central hearths and all with extensive evidence of burnt destruction c. 1000 BC. A concentration of spool loomweights was found for the first time in this complex in the main room of the easternmost building. Closely associated with cooking pots around the hearth in the central building are a range of pulses perhaps kept immediately adjacent to the food preparation area: remains of grape, fig, olive and almond have also been found in the buildings' LM IIIC floors. Indicators of concern with covering shortages include finds of acorn, bitter vetch and grass pea.

Turning to our MM findings, whereas before 2025 we had continuous deposits of material suggesting ritual cooking and food consumption but no architecture, suggesting an outdoor area closely associated with the similarly architectureless peak sanctuary 150m to the W on the peak of Karphi, we now have unique architectural features - circular constructions up to 3m in diameter ,one containing the remains of a waterproof clay layer which could represent a renewed floor (there is MM pottery beneath it) or a collapsed ceiling. They bear no resemblance to contemporary dwellings or to the limited architecture found at peak sanctuaries. We will explore more of this area in 2026.